Relationship Between Documentary And Reality Film Studies Essay

Relationship Between Documentary And Reality Film Studies Essay By exploring the relationship between documentary and reality define the genre. (Please note the term reality here does not mean the genre reality television). Documentary has become so scattered and diverse that it is hard to define the genre, Documentary film has often been looked at as that which communicates the real not the imagined, (Pearce McLaughlin 2007, p.47) it tells stories, makes claims or remarks about the real historical world rather than the contrived areas of fiction. The documentary filmmaker gathers, structures and edits the material in a manner that changes it from a simple record of actuality into a form which we can refer to as documentary dialogue. Therefore it is seen as an engaging sort of cinema but its customary techniques to enhance its aim or purpose has led to issues surrounding verisimilitude. I intend to analyse further the relationship between documentary and reality exploring the conventions and modes used to define the genre. Automatically when we view documentaries we feel closer to the truth for two reasons: first that there is a lack of fictionalised features and second because the events shown have not been coordinated by the filmmaker. But this is a naÃÆ' ¯ve approach we have to be aware that the account offered is one that is seen from a particular perspective. A documentary film is one that offers information about factual topics with a variety of aims, to record important events and ideas; to inform viewers; to convey opinions. To achieve these aims a number of common conventions are used including: actuality (occurrences in front of the lens be it events, people or places), voice-over (the filmmaker offering information, explanations and opinions), interviews (witnesses or participants directly relate their experiences), archival footage (show historical events or to add detail without additional filming), reconstructions (false scenes that provide the viewer with factual information and give a sense of realism), montage (visual representation of characters thoughts helping the viewer understand what the character is saying) and the exposition (creates the viewers first impression and introduces the content) these all create a sense of presence. The overall impact of these devices is to heighten the effect of realism for the viewer; making declarations about the real world and offering filmed evidence to support it. In order to explain documentary further Bill Nichols identified six documentary modes That function something like sub-genres of the documentary film genre itself: poetic, expository, participatory, observational, reflexive, performative. (Nichols, 2001, p.99) I will briefly consider these modes each in turn. The poetic mode is a skewed and creative expression; its desire is to grasp the hidden truth through poetic manipulation as seen in Walter Ruttmanns (1927) film Berlin: Symphony of a Great City which presents an extended montage chronicling the daily life of this German city. In the scenes such as the policeman guiding traffic followed by two rows of matching bobble head toys nodding suggests a tone of conformism and ashamed loyalty of the citizens. Expository documentaries on the other hand use rhetorical methods to create realism, this mode has a straight narrative structure with a direct relationship between the images and voice-over where interviews are only used to support the films argument An Inconvenient Truth is an example of expository documentary as it trusts on verbal commentary and challenging judgment to make its case about global warming. This frankness is similar to the observational mode known as Direct Cinema. Here it appears documentary is impassive, having an impa rtial attitude on its subject which can be seen in Richard Pennebackers Dont Look Back (1967). The participatory mode is where the filmmaker does not stay aloof but rather engages with it. Micheal Moores film Roger and Me (1989) displays this trait with a frankly moralistic documentary. The reflexive mode comments on the means of representation itself; it uses techniques that query the notion of documentary as a category or mode. For instance Errol Morris The Thin Blue Line (1988) an account of the breakdown of justice, urges the viewer to think about comparative points of truth and deceit by using reconstruction and repetition of scenes. Finally there is the performative mode which introduces concerns around the filmmaker and subject performance stressing the emotive and shared impact on the audience. In turn each mode uses the means of the narrative and realism in different ways, using conventional elements to create a range of text with ethnical matters, textual structures and ty pical expectations among the viewers. In the documentary genre, it is observed that reality is seemingly evident, wholesome without any manipulation; compared to fiction film however the margins between reality and fiction are indefinite Documentarys selection and ordering of the images and sounds of reality constitute an account of the world; however, it thereby becomes prey to loss of the real in its narratives of reality. (Cowie, 2011, p.1) It is the degree that these events are affected or directed by the filmmaker that causes concern for documentary. In Nanook of the North (1992) Robert Flaherty engrossed himself in the lives of the Inuit people, devoting a year living with them. This implies a participant observation attitude, where the filmmaker notes modestly and forms as impartial a record as possible. However for the purpose of dramatization Flaherty manipulated events, all of Nanook of the North is said to be one gigantic re-enactment (Nichols, 2001, p.13) for instance he filmed Nanook hunting with customary harpoon rather than the more modern weapons that he actually used. Such devices are actually central and perhaps inevitable practices in documentary production but the use of reconstruction has remained controversial raising issues on ethics as to whether a documentary filmmaker should engineer things in order to realising the truth of the subject matter. Documentary footage can only have a claim on the real if it is somehow taken unawares but this is untrue, all documentaries treat their material artistically. The experts in direct cinema alleged that the occurrence of the camera and filmmakers did not impact on their subject matter. Grey Gardens (1975) by the Maysles Brothers is a very famous fly-on-the-wall documentary about Edith Beale and Edie Beale, Jackie Kennedys aunt and cousin; it is a far cry from observational documentary. As the filmmakers constantly relate with these obviously psychologically troubled women which rears important questions about the morals of documentary filmmaking. Sometimes while filming they just want to clarify information, such as a photograph but frequently their contact is more difficult Because the womens hold on reality is so tenuous the Maysles walk a fine line in the film between examination and exploitation, foregrounding an issue that is always inevitably present in direct cinema (Grant Hillier 2009, p.74) Grey Gardens is a film that employs notions of performance and self-representation where both filmmakers and subjects are delighting in their individual presentations. There are different points to which the subjects of a documentary may be seen to be performing for the cameras A person does not present in exactly the same way to a companion on a dateand a filmmaker in an interviewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they modify their behaviour as the situation evolves. (Nichols 2001, p.9) The participation in shared roles has remained vital to the documentary project. Similarly there have been degrees of self-consciousness or acknowledgment by the filmmakers of the role they are performing in the production of a documentary. The fact that documentaries will always be about the real world, real people and real issues, the idea of enactment with them is hypothetically profound and spontaneous as it appears opposed to concepts of truthfulness and undistorted reality. However in Nick Broomfields films Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1992) and Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003) we are time and again drawn to his role as the filmmaker and moderator. At the end of the day his films are much more about him and the process of filming as they are about Aileen this offers a sense of truth, as behind the story is an condemnation of the media and the legal system of America. Consequently Broomfields films focus the role of the documentarist and the wa ys in which the filmmakers contact with the reality they are capturing influences the subsequent film. Documentary has always had an awe inspiring outcome on its audience the relationship between documentary and reality is debateable as most documentaries do integrate particular fictional elements to elevate the visual effect and entertainment value of their film. Though they claim to present the world as it is and try to hold the attention of their audiences by the strength of their argument, documentaries can never accomplish the level of impartiality to which they from time to time desire it can tell the truth but not the entire truth. (Chapman 1988, p.23) Therefore by analysing some of the conceptual and practical issues involved in defining the genre along with its relationship with reality across a variety of documentary modes the genre of documentary will always cause debate regarding its definition. Therefore all we can expect is that it will be a fair and honest representation of someone elses experience of reality.

CanGo Company Analysis Essay

Issue 1: Absence of planning for the startup business. Analysis and Recommendation: The founder of the CanGo Company had given little thought to the long range plans and direction of the company beyond the basic steps required to get the business in place. The organization’s successes could be attributed to the unique niche the CEO was able to fill for consumers mixed with old fashioned luck. Yes However, relying on these attributes to carry the business indefinitely would be ill advised. The largest risk in not utilizing strategic planning is failing to anticipate for fundamental changes in customer expectations, employee morale, regulatory requirements, competitive pressures, and economic changes. The company may lose valuable lead time and momentum when trying to catch up to these changes that could be severely detrimental to the company (Olsen). The first order of business for CanGo to move the company to the next stages and build a sustainable business would be to generate a vision statement, mission statement, and a specific strategic plan that can be used as roadmaps for the company’s next two to five years of operation. These elements should be considered the most important and immediate objectives for the top management of the company. They will form the basis of all other business decisions to be made in the organization’s foreseeable future. Issue 2: Missing strategic planning for  the future of the company. Analysis and Recommendation: The failure of management to have a realistic plan is clear when analyzing the speech given to the Hudson Valley Business association. Liz fails in her ability to outline the steps she took in order to create a successful business. Instead she covered her tracks with analogies of the ideas that were used to start the business. While having a good entrepreneurial concept is a commendable start if will not maintain a profitable business in the long term. The speech highlighted the disorganization of the company’s management. There was no mention of setting goals, strategic planning, market analysis, or financial considerations, or any other type of due diligence. The lack of a comprehensive plan will also impact the health of the internal portion of the organization. The reaction of other employees to the speech was that of disbelief of just how much of their livelihood has been left to chance. Employees clearly have a lack of confidence in the leadership of the company. This becomes even more apparent at the staff meeting that shortly followed this speech that announced the changes in the company’s direction to move toward online gaming. What is the recommendation? A comprehensive plan? Issue 3: Deficiency exists in research for decision making. A formal structure to company decisions is nonexistent and there is a failure to utilize team strategic planning. Analysis and Recommendation: The company was looking to start a new venture in the new and fast growing market of online gaming. The key employees of the company did not seem to be very interested or enthusiastic about the idea of online gaming. They proposed other ideas that were quickly shut down or were completely ignored. When starting any new product or service in a company there is a need for designated teams who can do the research to find out if the product or service will work well in the designated market. Along with the research team the company needed to involve their financial department to see where the company stood financially and risk analysts to analyze the risks associated with the new product or services. It is clear that CanGo did not have any type of formal strategic plan for moving forward. All the members  of the planning team needed to be on the same page. Andrew, the company’s Director of Marketing, just seemed to be thinking about having fun. â€Å"I know this is a hard concept, but we’re talking about fun. You know fun? Remember when you were young?† (Prentice Hall, 2002) while Ethel, the Director of Accounting, was concerned more about the financial aspects of online gaming, how it’s going to impact the organization, and where it is going to take the company. Elizabeth, the CEO and company founder, needs to have another meeting with the key members of all the departments and pay attention to her staff’s concerns pertaining to the online gaming venture before moving any further with the online gaming plans. Issue 4: Lack of direction and good communication practices Analysis and Recommendation: The Director of Operations assigned Nick, a senior staff member, the task of developing an implementation plan. There was a brief description of the different tasks involved with this project. The conversation was purely one sided. Without the necessary feedback the result was a loss of clarification. In order to create the type of motivation and momentum for such an implementation plan a simple project diagram or network could have been used. â€Å"The project network is the tool used for planning, scheduling, and monitoring project progress. The network is developed from the information collected for the Work Breakdown Structure and is a graphic flow chart of the project job plan† (Larson & Gray, 2010). In order to get the online gaming implementation plan going there needed to be an organizational hierarchy. A Gantt chart, project network diagram, or just a simple prioritized to-do list would have helped Nick to give his task a good start. Good. Instead he had to depend on his co-workers for guidance. This took them away from their own work and created inefficiencies. In project work there is no time to lose on assumptions. The only way that a project will succeed is with good practices of communication and organization. The CanGo implementation team had to play catch-up when they should have been breaking down the tasks into a Work Breakdown Structure format which could have been shared by all team members involved. Issue 5: Deficiencies exist in communication and  organizational/prioritization skills. Analysis and Recommendation: When assigned to launch a new gaming project on behalf of the company, Nick didn’t exercise any structured plan of action. Neither had he requested for any supervisor help when it was required for project implementation. Nick should have visualized a proper project plan for introducing a new online gaming system on behalf of the company. Nick and his team members were able to initiate the project implementation based on management approval. By using a Gantt chart, Nick should have prioritized his team work assignment according to project goals. By using proper project planning Nick would have performed better and allowed him to address all identified issues such as hardware, software, recommendations, price comparisons, and testing. Nick did not ask the right questions during project implementing nor during the assignment of the project to him. When projects were allocated to him, his statements were obscure and incomplete. He should have informed management if he knew about his personal shortfalls in the first place. During the project implementation, he should have gathered more knowledge and direction from supervision to successfully implement the assigned project. Issue 6: Absence of clear direction and prioritization from management. Analysis and Recommendation: Employees were presented with the news that sales were about to be increased by five hundred percent. The â€Å"coach† discussed different tasks that needed to be completed due to the increase in sales. He gave priority to order fulfillment. The significance of other tasks was debatable because the coach did not necessarily put the rest into any kind of order. The Coach gave a timeframe of October and I am assuming that he expected the team to decide in what order the tasks were to be completed. I like most that he opened up the floor to discussion to decide if there were any other tasks that were needed to be completed that he may have left out. This was a good way to include his subordinates in the planning process but again there was not any indication on priority for any suggestions that were given. I feel that too much leeway was given to the team. The coach should have used a Gantt chart to explain the tasks at hand, what needed to be completed, and given specific deadlines. References: Larson, E., & Gray, C. (2010). Project management, the managerial process. (5th ed., p. 158). Olsen, E. (n.d.). Risks of having no strategic plan. Retrieved from http://www.dummies.com/ how-to/content/risks-of-having-no-strategic-plan.html Prentice Hall (Publisher) (2002). Mastering management: Planning. Retrieved from http://www.devryu.net/re/DotNextLaunch.asp? courseid=8122292&userid=8123623&sessionid=02bf3430d3&tabid=3hOXWa4X+vEY bMogOOfyF/Y92qckiqw5bkr3INJJiCQ=&sessionFirstAuthStore=true&macid=MKq5/ WI0XIZJfxogF9ZSb8WSMMXJQO4uX3qPSN9LnLH61T9jATzfp X4V+WdAFCff8okk3HfeqPJT1u4URUXCDuBTt6q2Rv8h3nkOlI/ bowSZIVwVacF6cGBZ6dIyKpp8ojt9strwWUQ2rz0UTljeefD9/ maBRs+49nMB+RDjmwSFQ1vJvleOgIJwFo/e8j+aJWL8/SUmKonAXixcZgSL6w== Prentice Hall (Publisher) (2002). Mastering strategy: Concepts of strategic management. Retrieved from http://www.devryu.net/re/DotNextLaunch.asp?courseid=8122292& userid=8123623&sessionid=02bf3430d3&tabid=3hOXWa4X+vEYbMogOOfyF/ Y92qckiqw5bkr3INJJiCQ=&sessionFirstAuthStore=true&macid=MKq5/ WI0XIZJfxogF9ZSb8WSMMXJQO4uX3qPSN9LnLH61T9jATzfp X4V+WdAFCff8okk3HfeqPJT1u4URUXCDuBTt6q2Rv8h3nkOlI/ bowSZIVwVacF6cGBZ6dIyKpp8ojt9strwWUQ2rz0UTljeefD9/ maBRs+49nMB+RDjmwSFQ1vJvleOgIJwFo/e8j+aJWL8/SUmKonAXixcZgSL6w==

The Recently Leaked Secret to List of Essay Topics Samples Uncovered

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Essay on The Importance of My Acceptance into Mayfield

The world is always changing, sometimes for that better and other times for the worst. For me, that one change was the one thing that I’d always needed. The event that changed my life was the day I received my acceptance into Mayfield. My admission into Mayfield led on a string of changes that helped me finally accept who I really was as a person and helped me appreciate the value of friendship. It’s difficult to accept yourself when others don’t, but when I got into Mayfield all of that changed for the better. Growing up, I was always a well-mannered kid with my own personal hobbies and interests. The problem was, I was never like everybody else, so I was a very well-known outcast. I was very much fascinated by the Arts however;†¦show more content†¦I was constantly involved in unnecessary drama that I never intended to be a part of and eventually I began being treated more like a â€Å"waste of space† rather than a friend. I was constantly ignored by my supposed friends and no one treated me as a loving and considerate person. After multiply re-runs of these incidents, I began having trust issues and I no longer found the need for friends. They began to feel more like a requirement, rather than a need, and based on the way I used to be treated, I felt no need to value the idea of friendship anymore. However that all changed after I got to Mayf ield. I met people who showed me how important it was to have friends and that you should always value the friends you make because true friendships are worth giving people a chance. I was able to make friendships here that I know will last me a life-time, and I was able to meet people who treated me the way I had always deserved to be treated. My acceptance into Mayfield, brought on a change that has truly enhanced my life for the better. After getting into Mayfield, I was finally able to appreciate the ambitious, spontaneous and fun-loving girl that is myself and I was able to finally value friendship as something that should always be cherished. With this change, I finally became the person I’d always had the potential of becoming. Although change is never anticipated, it can have a large effect onShow MoreRelatedCoping Mechanisms And Their Effects During The Grieving Process1620 Words   |  7 Pagesloss by Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross and David Kessler (2005) explains the five stages of the grieving process commonly experienced by bereaved individuals. The five stages of the grieving process, which include denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, are discussed within this paper. These stages represent various coping mechanisms that are commonly used to alleviate the stress and anxiety one might experie nce in the face of death and dying. 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